{"id":1512,"date":"2024-05-14T19:15:12","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T19:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/"},"modified":"2024-05-14T19:15:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T19:15:12","slug":"a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00datok odep\u0159en\u00edm slu\u017eby na konsensus Bitcoinu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Konzervatismus v doslovn\u00e9m, nikoli politick\u00e9m smyslu, byl v\u017edy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu bitcoinu. S\u00e1m Satoshi byl p\u0159i sv\u00fdch p\u016fvodn\u00edch pokusech o n\u00e1vrh velmi opatrn\u00fd a d\u016fkladn\u00fd a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i se od t\u00e9 doby po jeho odchodu sna\u017e\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji velmi opatrn\u00ed a d\u016fkladn\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u0158ada technologi\u00ed byla vyvinuta p\u016fvodn\u011b pro Bitcoin a nakonec byla z t\u00e9to opatrnosti testov\u00e1na i v jin\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch. D\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 transakce, jedna z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem Monero? To byla vytvo\u0159il Gregory Maxwell pro Bitcoin<\/a>. Nebyl implementov\u00e1n kv\u016fli velk\u00e9 neefektivit\u011b z hlediska velikosti dat a kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bnil kryptografick\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady. <\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 kryptografie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v Bitcoinu se op\u00edr\u00e1 o p\u0159edpoklad diskr\u00e9tn\u00edho logu, \u017ee vyn\u00e1soben\u00ed dvou dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fdch prvo\u010d\u00edsel nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. Pokud se tento p\u0159edpoklad poru\u0161\u00ed, soukrom\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de v\u0161ech jsou prolomiteln\u00e9 z jejich ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. D\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 transakce a jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed by n\u011bkomu umo\u017enily tajn\u011b nafouknout pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1sobu nam\u00edsto pouh\u00e9ho prolomen\u00ed ciz\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a nikdo by to nemohl zjistit, proto\u017ee by \u010d\u00e1stky transakc\u00ed zakryl p\u0159ed ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b sch\u00e9ma SNARK pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Zcash k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f nulov\u00e9 znalosti pro Bitcoin bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b n\u00e1vrhem pro Bitcoin, Zerocoin<\/a>. Z konzervatismu a opatrnosti to tak\u00e9 nikdy nebylo zavedeno na samotn\u00e9m Bitcoinu. Cel\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma se spol\u00e9halo na inicializaci d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdmi t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami, a aby z\u016fstalo bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, vy\u017eadovalo, aby jim u\u017eivatel\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovali, \u017ee odstran\u00ed materi\u00e1l soukrom\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pou\u017eit\u00fd k inicializaci syst\u00e9mu. To bylo pro Bitcoin pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nep\u0159ijateln\u00fd kompromis. <\/p>\n

Dokonce i Taproot, kter\u00fd je aktivn\u00ed ji\u017e zhruba t\u0159i roky, je nakonec n\u00e1vrhem slo\u017een\u00fdm ze dvou samostatn\u00fdch koncept\u016f, kter\u00e9 se datuj\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 2012. MAST a Schnorr\u016fv podpis. MAST je my\u0161lenka vz\u00edt v\u00edce mo\u017en\u00fdch skript\u016f v\u00fddaj\u016f a prom\u011bnit je v merkleovsk\u00fd strom, tak\u017ee na \u0159et\u011bzci je v\u017edy odhalena pouze pou\u017eit\u00e1 cesta. Trvalo 9 let, ne\u017e se tyto dv\u011b my\u0161lenky dostaly od n\u00e1pad\u016f k n\u011b\u010demu skute\u010dn\u011b realizovan\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Konzervatismus byl v\u017edy z\u00e1kladem v\u00fdvoje tohoto protokolu a s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy<\/h2>\n

S\u00e1m jsem byl v posledn\u00edch letech od aktivace Taproot velmi skeptick\u00fd ke v\u0161em n\u00e1vrh\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se objevily, a rad\u011bji jsem byl velmi konzervativn\u00ed v tom, co jsem se rozhodl podpo\u0159it. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jsem se l\u00e9ta zasazoval o aktivaci BIP 119, CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY, a to p\u0159esn\u011b v tom smyslu, \u017ee jsem se rozhodl aktivovat BIP 119. proto\u017ee je konzervativn\u00ed a jednoduch\u00fd.<\/a>. Tj. kv\u016fli tomu, co d\u011bl\u00e1 ne<\/em> umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Z mechanick\u00e9ho hlediska nem\u016f\u017ee CTV ve skute\u010dnosti umo\u017enit nic, co by ji\u017e nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edem podepsan\u00fdch transakc\u00ed, jedin\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi nimi a CTV je ten, \u017ee jedna je vynucov\u00e1na konsensem, druh\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011brou v lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto transakce p\u0159edem podepisuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed navrhovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn jsem se zam\u011b\u0159il p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u017edy<\/em> identifikovat nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 nebo \u0161kodliv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Moje kritika drivechains<\/a> jsou toho dokonal\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Drivechains byly prezentov\u00e1ny jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed bez negativn\u00edch externalit pro zbytek s\u00edt\u011b. Ji\u017e l\u00e9ta tvrd\u00edm, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v podstat\u011b s\u00e1m, \u017ee toto tvrzen\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed pravdiv\u00e9. Vymezil jsem argumenty, pro\u010d tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee to nen\u00ed pravda, a jak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky by to m\u011blo pro s\u00ed\u0165, pokud by se aktivovala. <\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00fdch obav z ostatn\u00edch ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch n\u00e1vrh\u016f smluv se v podstat\u011b omezuje na jednu v\u011bc: umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 varianty drivechains. Drivechainy nebo podobn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed komukoli st\u00e1t se v\u00fdrobcem blok\u016f, kter\u00fd posouv\u00e1 stav syst\u00e9mu kup\u0159edu. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i maj\u00ed de facto monopol na zapojen\u00ed do tohoto procesu, pokud se ho rozhodnou vyu\u017e\u00edt. Pokud takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1 p\u0159ijet\u00ed a umo\u017en\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ea\u0159\u016fm poskytnou prostor pro vyt\u011b\u017een\u00ed hodnoty p\u0159edn\u00edch b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch transakc\u00ed, jako je tomu v jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, jako je Ethereum, pak je to pro n\u011b ekonomick\u00e1 pob\u00eddka, aby tento monopol uplat\u0148ovali.<\/p>\n

To je tlak na centralizaci t\u011b\u017eby, a jakmile takov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my povol\u00edte, neexistuje zp\u016fsob, jak omezit, jak\u00e9 funkce tyto dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvy nebo blockchainy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, tak\u017ee neexistuje zp\u016fsob, jak je omezit na takovou m\u00edru funk\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 by tyto probl\u00e9my nezav\u00e1d\u011bla. To, co pot\u0159ebujete k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, je mo\u017enost omezit, kam se mince mohou v budoucnu dostat, tj. smlouva, a mo\u017enost zajistit, aby se data p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela z jedn\u00e9 transakce do druh\u00e9. <\/p>\n

To umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it otev\u0159en\u00fd UTXO, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli (\u010dt\u011bte: t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i) zav\u00e1zat k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru a kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f povolen k dokon\u010den\u00ed, nebo \"zru\u0161en\", pokud je neplatn\u00fd. To v kombinaci s mo\u017enost\u00ed m\u00edt stav druh\u00e9 vrstvy nebo z\u016fstatky u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli m\u011bnit a aktualizovat podle pravidel syst\u00e9mu, v\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9m podobn\u00fd drivechainu. Pokud m\u00e1te uzav\u0159enou mno\u017einu lid\u00ed s opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou zpracov\u00e1vat v\u00fdb\u011bry, jako je federace, nebo uzav\u0159enou mno\u017einu lid\u00ed s opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou aktualizovat stav syst\u00e9mu, op\u011bt jako federace, nem\u00e1te syst\u00e9m podobn\u00fd drivechainu. To nezav\u00e1d\u00ed typy MEV rizik a centraliza\u010dn\u00edch tlak\u016f, o kter\u00e9 se ob\u00e1v\u00e1m, aby k tomu do\u0161lo, jak peg a aktualizace stavu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit kdokoli, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b konsensu jsou de facto otev\u0159en\u00e9 monopolizaci t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i. <\/p>\n

U\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl desetilet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m tuto la\u0165ku pro posouzen\u00ed, zda je n\u00e1vrh p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 liber\u00e1ln\u00ed v tom, co umo\u017e\u0148uje. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je to tvrd\u00e1 hranice, kter\u00e1 by nikdy nem\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010dena, ale je to hranice, kter\u00e1 by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010dena bez racion\u00e1ln\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi centraliza\u010dn\u00edmi tlaky, kter\u00e9 by to mohlo umo\u017enit, pokud k nim skute\u010dn\u011b dojde, a jak je zm\u00edrnit. <\/p>\n

Kult pomal\u00e9ho a rovnom\u011brn\u00e9ho pohybu<\/h2>\n

Jako n\u011bkdo, kdo byl p\u016fl desetilet\u00ed hlasem konzervativc\u016f, kritikem n\u00e1vrh\u016f z vysoce skeptick\u00e9ho a paranoidn\u00edho hlediska, racion\u00e1ln\u00ed skepse a opatrnost je v podstat\u011b mrtv\u00e1. Krom\u011b mal\u00e9 skupinky \u010di shluku lid\u00ed p\u0159ehlu\u0161en\u00fdch mo\u0159em hluku u\u017e neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 racion\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdza, kter\u00e1 by volala po opatrnosti a pomal\u00e9m tempu. <\/p>\n

Je tu tlust\u00fd a l\u00edn\u00fd n\u00e1rok, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje, aby mu bylo v\u0161echno pod\u00e1v\u00e1no po l\u017ei\u010dk\u00e1ch. Jakmile se v\u0161ak l\u017ei\u010dka p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k \u00fast\u016fm, je odstr\u010dena. \"Jak se opova\u017euje\u0161 m\u011b krmit!\" Naposledy p\u0159ed sou\u010dasnou debatou o smlouv\u011b do\u0161lo k opravdov\u00e9mu sporu kolem n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu, a to ve v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch o velikost blok\u016f. Tehdy se lid\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b zab\u00fdvali souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami, lid\u00e9 vynakl\u00e1dali \u00fasil\u00ed, aby se u\u010dili a otev\u0159en\u011b se dotazovali. Ano, byli tam bl\u00e1zni a dogmati\u010dt\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenci, lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se necht\u011bli zapojit do up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 diskuse. <\/p>\n

Tehdy to nebyla v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed. Dokonce i velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st velk\u00fdch blok\u00e1tor\u016f by se p\u0159i v\u00fdzv\u011b nezvrhla jen v dogmatick\u00e9 je\u010den\u00ed, ale proh\u00e1n\u011bla by \u010d\u00edsla. Zapojili by se do diskuse o tom, kde je rozumn\u00e1 hranice, pokud jde o velikost blok\u016f, a o externalit\u011b nebo n\u00e1kladech, kter\u00e9 by to pro u\u017eivatele p\u0159edstavovalo. Na na\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b, stran\u011b v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f, se mnoho lid\u00ed p\u0159ipojilo pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli t\u011bmto typ\u016fm diskus\u00ed a logick\u00fdm argument\u016fm. <\/p>\n

Podpo\u0159il jsem prvn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed velikosti blok\u016f, Bitcoin XT. Sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor jsem zm\u011bnil na z\u00e1klad\u011b logick\u00e9ho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a diskuse. Zv\u00e1\u017eil jsem co se m\u016f\u017ee pokazit<\/em>a pot\u00e9 zkoumala, jak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt tyto d\u016fsledky. Str\u00e1vil jsem \u010das, abych l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bl v\u011bcem, kter\u00fdm jsem v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nerozum\u011bl. To u\u017e se dnes ned\u011bje. <\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 si na kolenou vyb\u00edraj\u00ed \"nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9\" jako protiargument k jak\u00e9koli navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. To nen\u00ed platn\u00e1 ani intelektu\u00e1ln\u011b poctiv\u00e1 reakce na cokoli. V\u0161echno m\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. Kdy\u017e neud\u011bl\u00e1me nic, nezn\u00e1me nic, kdy\u017e ud\u011bl\u00e1me jedinou konzervativn\u00ed zm\u011bnu, nezn\u00e1me nic, kdy\u017e ud\u011bl\u00e1me v\u0161echno najednou, nezn\u00e1me nic. To je cel\u00e1 podstata t\u00e9to logick\u00e9 kategorie v\u011bc\u00ed, nev\u00edte, co nev\u00edte. <\/p>\n

To je nesmysln\u00fd, neudr\u017eiteln\u00fd argument, kter\u00fd lze vytahovat donekone\u010dna a nikdy nebude uspokojiv\u00fd. Nen\u00ed to skute\u010dn\u00fd pokus o dialog, je to \u00fatok na odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby proti n\u011bmu. <\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, aspekty nebo d\u016fsledky zm\u011bn, kter\u00fdch jsme si v\u011bdomi, ale nev\u00edme, jak se projev\u00ed. To je racion\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011br zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i diskusi o zm\u011bn\u011b. Lze identifikovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty nebo mo\u017enosti s nejist\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem a o t\u011bch lze diskutovat. To je nejen racion\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale mysl\u00edm, \u017ee naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed a nezbytn\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i diskusi o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch Bitcoinu. <\/p>\n

Pouh\u00e9 \"nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9!\" v reakci na ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1vrh, ka\u017edou diskusi o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a ka\u017edou anal\u00fdzu nev\u00fdhod, kter\u00e1 by p\u0159edstavila vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd pohled na v\u011bc, nen\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00ed reakc\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to dobr\u00e1 v\u00edra. Z podstaty nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee je nemo\u017en\u00e9 se touto v\u011bc\u00ed zab\u00fdvat, v v obou sm\u011brech<\/em>. Zm\u011bna i nezm\u011bna Bitcoinu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 riziko nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, je to inherentn\u00ed v samotn\u00e9 povaze toho, co to je. <\/p>\n

Na intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni je to zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed nedostatek sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed a z\u00e1plava lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pod vlivem tohoto nedostatku sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed jednaj\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskusi a projevuj\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed vztek. <\/p>\n

\u00datok typu Denial of Service<\/h2>\n

Je dost \u0161patn\u00e9, kdy\u017e se p\u0159i konfrontaci s nov\u00fdmi informacemi nezaj\u00edm\u00e1me v soukrom\u00ed, nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1vrh\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Bitcoinu, je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e tento nedostatek zv\u00eddavosti p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00edme do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho diskurzu. Toto neust\u00e1l\u00e9 skandov\u00e1n\u00ed \"nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9\" a \"v\u00fdchoz\u00ed je \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zm\u011bna\" a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed zkostnat\u011bl\u00e9 mantry, kter\u00e9 jdou je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l, ne\u017e \u017ee v\u00fdslovn\u011b nen\u00ed dialog. Je to odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eby. <\/p>\n

Ned\u011blat nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e se zapojovat do nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed nesplniteln\u00e9 la\u0165ky a naru\u0161ovat jakoukoli jinou diskusi nebo konverzaci, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed objasnit nebo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed kompromis\u016f nebo funk\u010dnosti, a pak to d\u011blat d\u016fsledn\u011b znovu a znovu, nen\u00ed zapojen\u00ed v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. To nen\u00ed snaha posoudit, zda je zm\u011bna bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, nebo ne, to nen\u00ed snaha posoudit pravd\u011bpodobnost nebo m\u00edru rizika nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f, to je jen impulzivn\u00ed snaha zastavit jakoukoli zm\u011bnu kv\u016fli n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00ed. To prost\u011b nen\u00ed rozumn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Je to jako uplatn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1va veta, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1te pro cokoli a na cokoli, a ano, v konsenzu\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech je pr\u00e1vo veta d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Ale p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed konverzace nen\u00ed veto, veto je jedn\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch transak\u010dn\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, jak\u00fd software spustit nebo nespustit. Toto odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eby dialogu nen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 u\u0161lechtil\u00e1 nebo spravedliv\u00e1 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava za z\u00e1chranu Bitcoinu, je to aktivn\u00ed \u00fatok na tyto ekonomick\u00e9 subjekty a jejich schopnost l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt, aby se mohli informovan\u011b rozhodnout, zda n\u011bco vetovat, nebo ne. <\/p>\n

Je to zl\u00fd \u00famysl, je to zl\u00e1 v\u00edra. <\/p>\n

Osobn\u011b si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to motivov\u00e1no strachem. Strach z toho, \u017ee kdyby m\u011bla ekonomick\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina mo\u017enost se informovat, rozhodla by se jinak ne\u017e jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se takto zapojuj\u00ed do konverzace. Opravdu nevid\u00edm jin\u00e9 charitativn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed ne\u017e prostou hloupost. <\/p>\n

Prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se tyto rozhovory odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed, u\u017e nen\u00ed v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, a to ne kv\u016fli lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b navrhuj\u00ed zm\u011bny, ale kv\u016fli lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed hlavu v p\u00edsku a neust\u00e1le vedou \u00fatok na odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eby na samotn\u00fd rozhovor. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtaj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b uznat, co nev\u011bd\u00ed. To je zn\u00e1m\u00e9<\/em> nezn\u00e1m\u00fd<\/em> pokud jste k sob\u011b up\u0159\u00edmn\u00ed. \u010cemu nerozum\u00edte nebo \u010demu nerozum\u00edte dob\u0159e. P\u0159esto n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, ach tak znepokojen\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi, odm\u00edtaj\u00ed vyplnit mezery sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. <\/p>\n

Odm\u00edtaj\u00ed se skute\u010dn\u011b dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o v\u011bcech, kter\u00fdm dob\u0159e nerozum\u011bj\u00ed. To by byla jedna v\u011bc, kdyby \u0161lo jen o tich\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed jednotlivce, ale \u00fapln\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho je, kdy\u017e se tito lid\u00e9 rozhodnou aktivn\u011b zasahovat do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho rozhovoru a sna\u017e\u00ed se ostatn\u00ed lidi uv\u00e9st v omyl nebo je od toho sami odradit. <\/p>\n

Je to sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ironie, \u017ee se to odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s ordin\u00e1ly a lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujeme \"filtrovat spam\". Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom m\u011bli. Ne na blockchainu, proto\u017ee to je prost\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, pokud motivace syst\u00e9mu nejsou od z\u00e1kladu naru\u0161eny.<\/a>, ale v rozhovorech kolem tohoto blockchainu. <\/p>\n

Tohle u\u017e nen\u00ed dialog v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, a to ne proto, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z jpeg meme o ko\u010dk\u00e1ch, ale proto, \u017ee \"druh\u00e1 strana\" v podstat\u011b \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed a br\u00e1n\u00ed jim v\u00e9st rozhovor o tom, zda m\u00e1me v\u016fbec r\u00e1di ko\u010dky (nebo psy).\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Conservatism, in the literal and not political sense, has always been a core part of the Bitcoin ecosystem. Satoshi himself was very cautious and thorough in his original design attempts, and developers since have tried to be very cautious and thorough in the development process after his departure. Numerous pieces of technology have been developed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[25,27,26],"class_list":["post-1512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feeds","tag-bitcoin","tag-consensusattack","tag-cybersecurity"],"yoast_head":"\nA Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Conservatism, in the literal and not political sense, has always been a core part of the Bitcoin ecosystem. Satoshi himself was very cautious and thorough in his original design attempts, and developers since have tried to be very cautious and thorough in the development process after his departure. Numerous pieces of technology have been developed […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"cryptd.in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1196\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cryptd.in\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cryptd.in\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cryptd.in\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7973e8183bc6723b86adfe84d5af0ce4\"},\"headline\":\"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2109,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"#Bitcoin\",\"#ConsensusAttack\",\"#Cybersecurity\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Feeds\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/\",\"name\":\"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg\",\"width\":1196,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/\",\"name\":\"cryptd.in\",\"description\":\"Alternative LinkedIn for Crypto-friendly Talents\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"cryptd.in\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/cryptdin_logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/cryptdin_logo.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":900,\"caption\":\"cryptd.in\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7973e8183bc6723b86adfe84d5af0ce4\",\"name\":\"cryptd.in\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176\",\"caption\":\"cryptd.in\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cryptd.in\\\/cs\\\/author\\\/cryptd-in\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u00datok na odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eby na Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in","og_description":"Conservatism, in the literal and not political sense, has always been a core part of the Bitcoin ecosystem. Satoshi himself was very cautious and thorough in his original design attempts, and developers since have tried to be very cautious and thorough in the development process after his departure. Numerous pieces of technology have been developed […]","og_url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/","og_site_name":"cryptd.in","article_published_time":"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1196,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"cryptd.in","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"cryptd.in","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/"},"author":{"name":"cryptd.in","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#\/schema\/person\/7973e8183bc6723b86adfe84d5af0ce4"},"headline":"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus","datePublished":"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/"},"wordCount":2109,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg","keywords":["#Bitcoin","#ConsensusAttack","#Cybersecurity"],"articleSection":["Feeds"],"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/","name":"\u00datok na odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eby na Bitcoin Consensus - cryptd.in","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg","datePublished":"2024-05-14T19:15:12+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/default_a_denial_of_service_attack_1-1JCFjD.jpeg","width":1196,"height":800},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/a-denial-of-service-attack-on-bitcoin-consensus\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"A Denial Of Service Attack On Bitcoin Consensus"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/","name":"cryptd.in","description":"Alternativn\u00ed LinkedIn pro talenty p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 ke kryptom\u011bn\u00e1m","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#organization","name":"cryptd.in","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/cryptdin_logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/cryptdin_logo.jpg","width":900,"height":900,"caption":"cryptd.in"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/#\/schema\/person\/7973e8183bc6723b86adfe84d5af0ce4","name":"cryptd.in","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176","url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/0b38230b9c4987de71d8ea131b2d0c60.jpg?ver=1785866176","caption":"cryptd.in"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cryptd.in"],"url":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/author\/cryptd-in\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1512\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptd.in\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}